The correct order of polarising ability of cations of Alkaline earth metals is

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Be²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > Ba²⁺

Be²⁺ < Mg²⁺> Ca²⁺ = Ba²⁺

Be²⁺ < Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ < Ba²⁺

Ba²⁺ < Ca²⁺ < Mg²⁺ < Be²⁺

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

\large Polarising{\text{ }}power{\text{ }}order{\text{ }}:{\text{ }}\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {B{e^{ + 2}}\; > \;M{g^{ + 2}}\; > \;C{a^{ + 2}}\; > \;S{r^{ + 2}}\; > \;B{a^{ + 2}}} \\ {(or)} \\ {\xrightarrow{{B{a^{ + 2}}\; < \;S{r^{ + 2}}\; < \;C{a^{ + 2}}\; < \;M{g^{ + 2}}\; < \;B{e^{ + 2}}}}} \end{array}

As the size of cation decreases nuclear charge increases, and hence distortion in the electron cloud of anion by the cation increases, hence polarising power increases
Polarising power of cation
The ability of a cation to cause distortion in the electron cloud of anion is called polarising power
As the polarising power of cation increases sharing of electron between bonded atoms increases and hence covalent character increases

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