The correct order of priority of groups (CIP) is

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$O H > C H_{3} > C H O > C H_{2} O H$

$O H > C H O > C H_{3} > C H_{2} O H$

$C H O > O H > C H_{3} > C H_{2} O H$

$O H > C H O > C H_{2} O H > C H_{3}$

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

According to CIP Sequence rule, the correct arrangement in order of decreasing priority is −OH > COOH > −CHO >−CH₂OH.
This order is based on the atomic number.

The atom with higher atomic number will have higher priority.

If two or more atoms directly attached to the asymmetric carbon atom have the same atomic number, the priority may be determined by comparing the next atoms in the group. A doubly or triply bonded atom X is equivalent to 2 or 3 such groups.

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