The DNA molecule to which the gene of interest is integrated for cloning is called

A vector is a DNA molecule into which a gene of interest is inserted, and the resultant recombinant DNA is introduced into the host cell for cloning and expression of the gene.

(1) A template is a polynucleotide that encodes the information from which another polynucleotide of complementary sequence is synthesised. During replication, DNA acts as a template from which another
complementary DNA strand is formed. During protein synthesis, mRNA acts as a template on ribosomal surface, from which a polypeptide chain is formed.

(2) A carrier is a person who harbours the pathogenic microorganism without suffering from any disease from it. 
(3) Transformers are the organisms that transform or convert one form of food into another. They are also known as decomposers. They convert dead organic matter into simpler inorganic molecules, e.g., fungi and some bacteria.