The Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and All India Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam were formed after movements in

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Karnataka

Rajasthan

Assam

Tamil Nadu

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

At the Salem Provincial Conference in August 1944, Periyar reorganized the Justice Party to form the "Dravidar Kazhagam." It was a movement back then rather than a political party that favored the creation of an independent state called Dravida Nadu under the Madras Presidency. It adopted a black flag with a red circle inside it to symbolize its opposition to Brahminical social, political, and ritual domination. The colors black and red stood for degradation and the uplifting movement, respectively.
After splitting from the Dravidar Kazhagam in 1949, Annadurai created the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). It participated in the inaugural election for the state assembly in 1957, which M Karunanidhi won for the Kulithalai district.

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