The first phase of translation is :

In the first phase of translation, amino acids are activated in presence of ATP and linked to their cognate tRNA, a process commonly called as charging of tRNA or aminoacylation of tRNA. 

Translation is the process of conversion of mRNA to polypeptide chain. Recognition of DNA is required during the process of transcription but not during translation.

Initiation of polypeptide chain:

1. The smaller subunit of ribosomes combines with IF3 (30S + IF3) and then to IF1.
2. IF2 complexes with GTP and combines with the above (30S + IF3) + (IF2 + GTP)
3. Now m-RNA is attached to it and then to initiator aminoacyl t-RNA.
4. Finally, the whole complex combines with the larger subunit to form initiation complex in which, f-met t-RNA is attached at ‘P’ site with ‘A’ site being free.

Elongation of polypeptide chain:

Chain elongation takes place by the establishment of peptide bonds between the amino acids as the ribosomes move along the m-RNA, the t-RNA with anticodon
complementary to the codon of m-RNA forms a complex with the corresponding activated amino acid (aminoacyl adenylate complex) and moves to the ribosomes and binds at the ‘A’ site.