The following question presents a sentence, part or all of which is underlined. Select the answer that produces the most effective sentence; your answer should make the sentence clear, exact, and free of grammatical error. It should minimize awkwardness, ambiguity, and redundancy.

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

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An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.

An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.

Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.

Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss sign of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

"Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked successfully in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of impending difficulties or misinterpret them when they do surface," is the right answer.
Option 1 changes the meaning to "Executive misses the sign or manufactures a missing sign."
Option 2 is also an ambiguous commitment or action, hence it is incorrect.
Option 3: Executives are possessive, thus using "them" is inappropriate.
Option 4 is the correct answer, as it has no grammatical faults and uses acceptable placement modifiers.
"One that" rightly refers to deeds, and "they" correctly refers to signals.

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