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Q.

The former is a cell component which is structurally the same and found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, while the latter is a cell component which differs in structure but is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Identify them.

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a

Plasma membrane and flagella 

b

Flagella and plasma membrane 

c

Nucleus and ribosomes  

d

Plasma membrane and inclusion bodies 

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

The plasma membrane is semi-permeable in nature and interacts with the outside world. This membrane is similar structurally to that of the eukaryotes.
The prokaryotic bacteria also possess flagella, but these are structurally different from those of the eukaryotic flagella.
Bacterial flagellum is composed of three parts – filament, hook and basal body. The filament is the longest portion and extends from the cell surface to the outside.
The electron microscopic study of a eukaryotic cilium or the flagellum show that they are covered with a plasma membrane. Their core, called the axoneme, possesses a number of microtubules running parallel to the long axis.

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