The fusion of male and female gametes is known as:

(a) Pollination

(b) Fertilization

(c) Zygote formation

(d) Reproduction

The correct answer is (b) Fertilization

Fertilization is the process where the male gamete (sperm) fuses with the female gamete (egg/ovum) to form a single cell called the zygote. This zygote is the first step in the development of a new individual.

Why Not the Other Options?

• Pollination: Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma in plants, not fusion of gametes.
• Zygote formation: This is the result of fertilization, not the process itself.
• Reproduction: A broader term that includes fertilization, growth, and development — not just gamete fusion.

Hence, the fusion of gametes is specifically called fertilization.