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Q.

The hardness of water is due to . . . . . . metal ions.

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a

${Ca}^{2 +} and {Na}^{+}$

b

${Mg}^{2 +} and K^{+}$

c

${Ca}^{2 +} and {Mg}^{2 +}$

d

${Zn}^{2 +} and {Ba}^{2 +}$

answer is C.

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Detailed Solution

Hardness in water is caused by the presence of bicarbonates, phosphates, and sulfates of Ca and Mg. A white precipitate is formed when the Mg and Ca ions react with the fatty acids in soaps. As a result, producing lather in hard water from soap becomes more difficult, as the fatty acid participates in the production of precipitate with Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions.

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