The mechanism of reaction is given as :
A student writes general characteristics based on the given mechanism as :
a) The reaction is favored by weak nucleophiles
b) $R^{(+)}$ would be easily formed if the substituents are bulky
c) The reaction is accompanied by racemization.
d) The reaction is favored by non-polar solvents.
Which observations are correct?

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(a), (b) and (c)

(b) and (d)

(a) and (c)

(a) and (b)

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Given reaction is SN₁
SN₁ reaction is independent of strength of nucleophiles.
Generally, strong nucleophiles favor SN₂, but in SN₁, weak nucleophiles are favored.
Order of stability of Alkyl carbocations $R^{\oplus}$ is $3 º > 2 º > 1 º$ .
Bulky carbocation (3º) is more stable and forms easily.
Increasing the bulkiness of carbocation increases the stability of carbocation.
In SN₁, both inversion and retention can take place in equal ratio, giving a racemic mixture, if R-X is optically active.
SN₁ is favorable in polar solvent due to the solvation of carbocation thus, increasing the stability of carbocation.