The number of lone pairs on chlorine atom in ClO⁻, ClO₂⁻, ClO₃⁻, ClO₄⁻ ions are

To determine the number of lone pairs on the chlorine atom in each ion, we need to examine the bonding and oxidation state of chlorine in each species. Here’s the reasoning step-by-step:

1. ClO− (Hypochlorite ion):

   Chlorine forms a single bond with one oxygen. Chlorine’s oxidation state is +1. The remaining electrons are non-bonding, resulting in 3 lone pairs.

2. ClO2− (Chlorite ion):

   Chlorine forms two single bonds with two oxygen atoms. Chlorine’s oxidation state is +3. The remaining electrons lead to 2 lone pairs.

3. ClO3− (Chlorate ion):

   Chlorine forms three single bonds with three oxygen atoms. Chlorine’s oxidation state is +5. The remaining electrons result in 1 lone pair.

4. ClO4− (Perchlorate ion):

   Chlorine forms four single bonds with four oxygen atoms. Chlorine’s oxidation state is +7. There are no remaining lone pairs, so it has 0 lone pairs.

The correct answer is: d. 3, 2, 1, 0