The organic material of the solid waste will decompose

(a) By the flow of water

(b) By the soil particles

(c) By the action of microorganisms

(d) By oxidation

 

The correct answer is (c) By the action of microorganisms.

The Process of Decomposition

Decomposition is the natural process of breaking down organic materials, such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and paper. This breakdown is primarily carried out by a vast and diverse community of microorganisms.

These microbes, mainly bacteria and fungi, use the organic matter as a food source. They secrete powerful enzymes that break down complex molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into simpler substances, including:

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
• Water (H₂O)
• Simple nutrients that enrich the soil

While water (a) and oxidation (d) are involved in the process (microbes need water and perform oxidation), the actual "action" or work of decomposition is done by the microorganisms themselves. Soil particles (b) provide a habitat for these microbes but do not cause decomposition.