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Q.

The potential energy U of a body of unit mass moving in one dimensional conservative force field is given by U=x24x+3. All units are in SI. For this situation mark out the correct statement(s).

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a

The body will perform simple harmonic motion about x = 2 units.

b

The body will perform oscillatory motion but not simple harmonic motion.

c

The body will perform simple harmonic motion with time period 2π s.

d

If speed of the body at equilibrium position is 4 m/s, then the amplitude of oscillation would be 22 m.

answer is A, C, D.

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Detailed Solution

U=x24x+3 and F=dUdx=(2x4)

At equilibrium position F= 0, so x = 2 m.
Let the particle is displaced by Ax from equilibrium position, i.e., from x= 2, then restoring force on body is, F=2(2+Δx)+4=2Δx

i.e., Δx, so performs simple harmonic motion about x = 2 m. 

Time period, T=2π/ω=2π/2=2π s

From energy conservation, mvmax22+Umin=Umax

1×422+224×2+3=(A+2)24(A+2)+3

where A is amplitude.

Solving the above equation, we get A=22m

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