The potential energy $U$of two atoms of a diatomic molecule as a function of distance $r$ between the atoms is shown in the given figures.

Read the following statements carefully.

A. The equilibrium separation distance between the atoms is equal to $r_2$

B. At $r=r_1$,the force between the atoms is repulsive.

C. For $r>r_3$ the force between the atoms is attractive.

Which of the above statements is true ?

Let us consider two molecules at distance r.

Force will be towards each other. Where $\mathrm{r} = {\mathrm{r}}_2$ so they are not in equilibrium.

We know, when potential energy is more, or two atoms are very closer then force will be repulsion. its range is (10^-12 m)

if r = r₁ then force will be attractive

If r > r₃ then force then the distance between two atoms will be large, hence force will be attractive in nature.