The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem are

Autotrophs are primary producers, which fix carbon into carbohydrate with energy from largely inorganic sources. The two kinds of autotrophs are chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs. The former are bacteria and Archaea that use compounds such as methane or reduced sulfur, nitrogen, or metals as an energy source. Many chemoautotrophs live in extreme environments such as hot springs and hydrothermal vents of the deep sea.