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Q.

The probability that a set of three distinct vertices chosen at random from among the vertices of a regular n-gon determine an obtuse triangle is 93125. The sum of all possible values of n is ____________

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answer is 503.

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Detailed Solution

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Inscribe the regular polygon inside a circle. A triangle inside this circle will be obtuse if and only if its three vertices lie on one side of a diameter of the circle. (This is because if an inscribed angle on a circle is obtuse, the arc it spans must be 180 degrees or greater). Break up the problem into two cases: an even number of sides 2n, or an odd number of sides 2n – 1. For polygons with 2n sides, the circumdiameter has endpoints on 2 vertices. There are n – 1 points on one side of a diameter, pulse 1 of the endpoints of the diameter for a total of n points. For polygons with 2n -1 points, the circumdiameter has 1 endpoint on a vertex and 1 endpoint on the midpoint of the opposite side. There are also n – 1 points on one side of the diameter, plus the vertex for a total of n points on one side of the diameter. 

Case 1 : 2n – sides polygon. There are clearly (2n3) different triangles total. To find triangles that meet the criteria, choose the left-most point. There are obviously 2n choices for this point. From there, the other two points must be within the n – 1 points remaining on the same side of the diameter. So our desired probability is 2n(n12)(2n3)=n(n1)(n2)2n(2n1)(2n2)6=6n(n1)(n2)2n(2n1)(2n2)=3(n2)2(2n1)  so 93125=3(n2)2(2n1).

186(2n1)=375(n2), 372n186=375n750 3n=564 n=188 and so the polygon has 376 sides.

Case 2 :  2n -1-sided polygon. Similarly, (2n13) total triangles. Again choose the leftmost point, with 2n -1 choices. For the other two points, there are again (n12) possibilities. The probability is 

(2n1)(n12)(2n13)=3(2n1)(n1)(n2)(2n1)(2n2)(2n3)=3(n2)2(2n3) so 93125=3(n2)2(2n3) 186(2n3)=375(n2) 375n750=372n558 3n=192 n=64 and our polygon has 127 sides. Adding. 127 + 376 = 503 

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