The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in response to a common environmental challenge, is called

Convergent evolution is the process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar traits in response to a similar environmental challenge. This process results in the development of analogous structures, which are similar in function but not in structure or evolutionary origin. Examples of convergent evolution include the wings
Of bats and birds, or the streamlined body shape of dolphins and sharks, which evolved independently in response to the challenges of flight and swimming, respectively.
2 Wings of bats and those of birds: Are they homologous or analogous?
Wings of bats have flaps of skin stretched between the bones of the fingers and arm, while the wings
Of birds have feathers extending all along the arm. This dissimilarity in structure indicates that the wings
Of bats and those of birds were not inherited from a common ancestor with wings. Hence, they are
Not homologous but analogous organs. They have separate evolutionary origins, but they share superficial
Similarities because both have experienced natural selection, which has shaped them to be suitable for flight.
(1) Non-random evolution refers to a situation where there is a predictable directionality in evolutionary change,
As opposed to random mutations or genetic drift.
(2) Adaptive radiation refers to the process of diversification of a single ancestral species into a variety of new forms in order to exploit different ecological niches.
(3) Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment have higher reproductive success and pass on their advantageous traits to their offspring. It may result in convergent evolution or divergent evolution.