The ratio of Pi bonds to sigma bonds in benzene is

Solution Explanation

1. Structure of Benzene:

   Benzene has a hexagonal ring with six carbon atoms. Each carbon atom forms:

   • A sigma bond with one hydrogen atom.
   • Two sigma bonds with adjacent carbon atoms in the ring.
2. Types of Bonds in Benzene:
   • Sigma Bonds (σ):
     • C-C Sigma Bonds: Each carbon is connected to two adjacent carbons via single covalent bonds. This makes 6 sigma bonds.
     • C-H Sigma Bonds: Each carbon is bonded to one hydrogen atom. This adds 6 more sigma bonds.
     • Total Sigma Bonds:6 + 6 = 12.
   • Pi Bonds (π):
     • Benzene has three alternating double bonds. Each double bond contains one π bond.
     • Total Pi Bonds:3.
3. Calculating the Ratio:
   • Total π bonds = 3
   • Total σ bonds = 12
   • Ratio of π bonds to σ bonds = 3:12 = 1:4

Final Answer

The ratio of π bonds to σ bonds in benzene is 1:4.

This means that for every π bond in benzene, there are four σ bonds, reflecting the structure and bonding arrangement of the molecule.