The reason why Sc and Cu exhibit less number of oxidation states is

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4s-electrons in Sc and Cu are very stable and cannot take part in bonding.

d-electrons shield valence s-electrons from taking part in bonding.

Sc has only one d-electron while copper has too many d-electrons that are paired.

lanthanide contraction

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The reason for d-block elements exhibiting many oxidation states is availability of many unpaired d-electrons. Sc has only one d-electron and many d-electrons of copper are paired. Hence, both don’t exhibit many oxidation states.

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