The Sikhs formed a variety of bands known as ____ in the eighteenth century.

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The Sikhs formed a variety of bands known as jathas in the eighteenth century.
During the seventeenth century, Punjab's development into a regional state benefited the Sikhs' organisation into a political group. Before and after the establishment of the Khalsa in 1699, Guru Gobind Singh engaged in several conflicts with the Rajput and Mughal emperors. The Sikhs formed themselves into several bands called jathas and later misls in the eighteenth century, guided by many capable leaders. The name of their unified forces was the big army (dal Khalsa). The Khalsa were motivated by Guru Gobind Singh's conviction that they would one-day rule (raj Karega Khalsa). They successfully fended off the Mughal governors at the beginning and Ahmad Shah Abdali later, after he had taken control of Sirhind and Punjab, two wealthy Mughal provinces, from them. Although they were divided between various kings, the Sikh territories in the late eighteenth century stretched from the Indus to the Jamuna. These tribes were united by one of them, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who made Lahore his capital in 1799.

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