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The starting material used for the manufacture of HNO₃by Ostwald process is

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Ammonia and nitrogen

Ammonia and air

Air only

Ammonia and N₂O

answer is B.

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Detailed Solution

Catalytic oxidation of Ammonia

A mixture of dry air and dry ammonia in the ratio of 10:1 by volume is compressed and then passed into a platinum gauze which acts as catalyst at about 800℃.

4NH₃+5O₂⟶4NO+6H₂O+Heat

Step 2: Oxidation of nitric oxide

Nitric oxide combines with oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide at about 50°C.

2NO+O₂⟶2NO₂

Step 3: Absorption of nitrogen dioxide in water

The nitrogen dioxide and oxygen present in the air react with water to form nitric acid.

4NO₂+2H₂O+O₂⟶4HNO₃

Nitric acid obtained is concentrated above 50%. On further distillation, 68% nitric acid is produced.

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