The territorial waters that extend up to 12 nautical miles from the base of a coastal country are recognised by the 1982 [[1]] Convention on the Law of Sea.

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Detailed Solution

The territorial waters that extend up to 12 nautical miles from the base of a coastal country are recognised by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea.
According to the 1982 United Nations Convention, each territorial sea extends up to 12 nautical miles from the coast. Here the country has control over both below the sea surface and above the sea, i.e., airspace. However, the sovereign nation should allow the passage of other nations’ ships, vessels, etc., as per the “Right of Innocent Passage” granted by the UN. Innocent passage right states that a country should permit the passage of international ships, vessels, etc., as they do not indulge in weapons testing, spying, smuggling, pollution, fishing, or scientific research.

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