The urban European [[1]] turned to the countryside in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

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answer is MERCHANTS.

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Detailed Solution

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, urban European merchants started relocating to the countryside, where they paid farmers and craftspeople to make goods for a global market. The demand for products started to increase with the development of global trade and the establishment of colonies in various regions of the world. However, merchants were unable to increase output within towns. This was due to the influence of the urban trade guilds. These were organisations of producers that provided training for artisans, kept a tight grip on output, managed prices and competition, and barred new entrants from the market.

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