This city became the hub of the new print culture, catering to the Western-style schools:

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This city became the hub of the new print culture, catering to the Western-style schools in Shanghai.
The city of Shanghai turned out to be the epicentre of the new print culture. This show of cultural upliftment was mainly to meet the demands of Western-style schools. The end of the 17th Century showed that print was not only needed by the scholarly officials in China but also by the Merchants who started to use print in their day-to-day life as they started collecting trade information. It was due to the need for a new readership that fictional narratives started to exist. Along with fiction, autobiography and romantic plays also started to come to gather importance. Women from upper-class households luxuriously started to read and write, so they started writing their poems. Towards the end of the 19th Century, there gradually shifted from personal printing to Westernised mechanical printing.

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