This is an example for facilitated diffusion in plants.

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Movement protons from stroma to lumen of chloroplast thylakoid

Movement of protons from matrix to perimitochondrial space of mitochondrion during ETS.

Loading of sugars into the sieve tube element from mesophyll cell of leaf

Movement of protons from Lumen to stroma or chloroplast through ${CF}_{0}$ of CF particles.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

Movement of substances or ions from a region of its high concentration to region of its low concentration through proteins of membrane without using metabolic energy is called facilitated diffusion. Protons are moving from lumen to stroma through a proton channel ${CF}_{0}$ down the gradient. Movement of protons from stroma to lumen of thylakoid and from matrix to perimitochondrial space during electron transport is called active transport in which pumps are involved. Phloem loading is also an active process as it is against concentration gradient.

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