What are common errors in gamete formation and their consequences?

Errors in meiosis during gametogenesis can include nondisjunction (failure of chromosome pairs or sister chromatids to separate) and faulty recombination. Nondisjunction may yield gametes with too many (n+1) or too few (n-1) chromosomes. 

If such a gamete participates in fertilization, the resulting zygote is aneuploid (e.g., trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome). Faulty recombination can lead to structural chromosome abnormalities (deletions, duplications, translocations). These errors often lead to miscarriage, infertility, or congenital disorders. The risk of such errors increases with parental age and compromised gamete quality.