What are companion cells?

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Specialised parenchyma cells associated with phloem of gymnosperms

Specialised parenchyma cells associated with sieve tubes of angiosperms.

Specialised fibers associated with sieve tubes of angiosperms.

Specialised parenchyma cells associated with xylem.

answer is D.

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Detailed Solution

NCERT CLASS-XI : Page No. 88.

Phloem in angiosperms is composed of sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres.

A mature sieve element possesses a peripheral cytoplasm and a large vacuole but lacks a nucleus. The functions of sieve tubes are controlled by the nucleus of companion cells. The companion cells are specialised parenchymatous cells, which are closely associated with sieve tube elements. The sieve tube elements and companion cells are connected by pit fields present between their common longitudinal walls. The companion cells help in maintaining the pressure gradient in the sieve tubes

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