What are plant hormones? Write about two functions of auxins

Plant hormones are natural chemical substances that control growth and development in plants. Auxins are one of the main plant hormones, and they help in cell elongation and root development.

Plant hormones, also called phytohormones, are chemicals produced in small amounts in plants. They move to different parts of the plant and influence processes like germination, flowering, fruit ripening, and responses to light or gravity.

Main Types of Plant Hormones

• Auxins
• Gibberellins
• Cytokinins
• Ethylene
• Abscisic Acid

Functions of Auxins

1. Cell Elongation: Auxins help in the growth of plant stems by making cells grow longer. This is why shoots bend toward light (phototropism).
2. Root Development: Auxins promote root growth. Farmers and gardeners use synthetic auxins to help cuttings grow roots.

Examples

• Shoots growing toward sunlight due to auxins moving to the shaded side.
• Auxin-based rooting powders used in agriculture.