What are the Conservation Efforts govt taking to preserve Chilika Lake

Chilika Lake has undergone significant ecological restoration in recent decades. It was once classified as a “dying lake” due to siltation and reduced salinity but has since been revived through coordinated conservation efforts.

Major Conservation Efforts

• Chilika Development Authority (CDA): Established in 1991 to monitor biodiversity, regulate fishing, and manage eco-tourism sustainably.
• Lagoon Mouth Re-opening (2000): A new mouth connecting to the Bay of Bengal restored salinity balance, improving fish and dolphin populations.
• Ramsar Recognition: Chilika was the first wetland in Asia to be removed from the “Montreux Record” (list of threatened wetlands) due to successful restoration.
• Eco-Tourism Initiatives: Controlled boat licensing, waste management, and awareness campaigns to promote responsible tourism.
• Community Participation: Local fishermen co-operatives involved in dolphin conservation and sustainable fishing practices.

Ongoing Threats

• Siltation: River runoff reduces lake depth and affects navigation.
• Pollution: Agricultural runoff and plastic waste pose major risks to aquatic life.
• Unregulated Fishing: Illegal nets threaten Irrawaddy dolphins and fish diversity.
• Tourism Pressure: Excessive boat traffic and littering during peak season disturb fragile ecosystems.

Outlook: With sustained community support, government policies, and eco-tourism management, Chilika Lake continues to be a model for wetland conservation and sustainable livelihood balance in India.