What are the functional units of the body as described by Ayurveda?

According to Ayurveda, the human body functions through three primary systems known as the Tridoshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—and seven Dhatus or body tissues. Together, these are the functional units that maintain balance and health.

• Vata Dosha governs movement, respiration, and circulation.
• Pitta Dosha controls metabolism, digestion, and temperature.
• Kapha Dosha maintains structure, lubrication, and stability.

The seven Dhatus- Rasa (plasma), Rakta (blood), Mamsa (muscle), Meda (fat), Asthi (bone), Majja (marrow), and Shukra (reproductive tissue)—nourish and sustain the body.

When these elements are balanced, the body remains healthy and energetic. Imbalance leads to disease. Ayurveda also includes Malas (wastes) and Agni (digestive fire) as critical to bodily function.

This holistic framework treats the human body as an integrated system of physical, mental, and spiritual energies. Maintaining doshic balance through diet, lifestyle, and herbal care is key to long-term wellness in Ayurvedic philosophy.