What are the functions of the excretory system?

The excretory system in humans serves several essential functions related to maintaining internal health and balance. Its primary role is to filter and eliminate metabolic waste products from the body, ensuring a stable internal environment (homeostasis).

Key Functions of the Excretory System

• Removal of Metabolic Wastes: The system eliminates harmful substances such as urea, uric acid, ammonia, and creatinine produced during the body's metabolic activities.
• Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balance: By adjusting the amount of water, salts (electrolytes), and minerals reabsorbed or released, the excretory organs help maintain fluid and ionic balance in the body.
• Maintenance of Blood pH: The excretory system helps maintain the acid-base balance by selectively excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions, keeping the blood pH stable.
• Osmoregulation: By controlling the composition and concentration of blood plasma, the system avoids dehydration or overhydration and ensures the correct osmolality for cellular function.
• Detoxification: The kidneys and associated organs remove toxins and drugs, purifying blood and tissue fluids throughout the body.

Organs involved in the human excretory system include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, with supporting roles played by the skin, lungs, and liver for certain types of waste.