What are the main features of India’s Constitution?

India's Constitution has several key features that define its framework for governance:

1. Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic: India is a sovereign nation, socialist for social justice, secular with no state religion, and a democratic republic where leaders are elected by the people.
2. Federal Structure: The Constitution establishes a federal system with a strong central government, though it leans toward unitary control in times of national crises.
3. Parliamentary System: India follows a parliamentary system where the Executive (Prime Minister and Cabinet) is chosen from the Legislature (Parliament), ensuring a close relationship between them.
4. Fundamental Rights: It guarantees Fundamental Rights to all citizens, including the right to equality, freedom of speech, and religion.
5. Independent Judiciary: The Constitution ensures an independent judiciary, with the Supreme Court being the highest authority to interpret laws.
6. Single Citizenship: Single citizenship applies to all citizens, ensuring equality and protection under one national law.

These features maintain India’s democracy, unity, and diversity while safeguarding citizens’ rights and ensuring a just society.