What are the nuclear forces? Write their properties.

Nuclear forces are responsible for keeping the nucleons together.
1) Nuclear forces are attractive and charge independent i.e., same between proton and proton (p–p), proton and neutron (p–n) and neutron and neutron (n–n)
2) Nuclear forces are short range forces i.e., these forces will act upto a small distance only (10^–15m)
3) Nuclear forces are non-central i.e., they do not act along the line joining the two nucleons.
4) These forces are exchange forces. The force between two nucleons is due to exchange of $\mathrm{\pi }$ -mesons.
5) These forces are spin dependent i.e., they are strong when the spin of two nucleons are in same direction and they are weak when they are in opposite direction.
6) Nuclear forces are saturated forces in nature.
7) Nuclear forces are strongest in nature.
${\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{N}}:{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{e}}:{\mathrm{F}}_{\mathrm{G}}={10}^{38}:{10}^{36}:1$