What brought about sweeping changes in the political and material world of Europe in the nineteenth century?

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The emergence of the nation state

The multi – national dynastic empire

Territorial state

Absolute monarchy

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

The emergence of the nation states about sweeping changes in the political and material world of Europe in the nineteenth century.
The Balkans had been the source of tension for the nationalist process in Europe. Most Balkan provinces emerged in the mid-19th and early 20th centuries after gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire or the Austro-Hungarian Empire: Greece in 1821, Serbia and Montenegro in 1878, Romania in 1881, Bulgaria in 1908, and Albania in 1912. This emergence of nation-states was prominent all over Europe and challenged the process of colonisation as well.

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