What causes high blood pressure?

High blood pressure, or hypertension, occurs when the force of blood pushing against artery walls remains consistently high. Common causes include a diet high in salt, fat, and cholesterol, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and chronic stress. Genetics also play a major role. Over time, hypertension can damage blood vessels and vital organs like the heart, kidneys, and brain. Secondary hypertension can arise from medical conditions such as kidney disease, thyroid disorders, or certain medications. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and routine monitoring are key preventive measures.