What causes lightning?

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Excessive electric charge in the atmosphere

Increased chemical energy in the atmosphere

Attraction between two oppositely charged clouds

All of the above

answer is A.

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Detailed Solution

Concept: Atmospheric electricity is caused by both thunderstorms, which produce lightning bolts that rapidly discharge massive amounts of atmospheric charge stored in storm clouds, and the continuous electrification of the air caused by ionisation from cosmic rays and natural radioactivity, which ensures that the atmosphere is never completely neutral.
The ionosphere is a thick layer of molecules and electrically charged particles that hangs in the Earth's upper atmosphere, beginning around 35 miles (60 kilometres) above the planet's surface and extending beyond 620 miles (1,000 km).The molecules that make up air become electrically charged during the ionisation process, which can result in the formation of plasma. "The electric current may bridge the air gap through the ionised air and to earth," Preece adds.
Hence, the correct answer option (1) .

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