What common fractures affect the femur and treatments?

Femur fractures can occur in different parts of the thigh bone — including the upper (proximal), middle (shaft), and lower (supracondylar or distal) regions. Most require surgical treatment, though some mild or temporary cases can be managed without surgery. Physical therapy plays a key role in recovery.

Types of Femur Fractures

• Proximal Femur Fractures: Breaks near the top of the femur, close to the hip joint.
• Femoral Shaft Fractures: Fractures in the long, middle part of the bone, usually caused by high-impact trauma such as car accidents.
• Supracondylar Fractures: Breaks just above the knee joint.
• Distal Femur Fractures: Fractures near the lower end of the femur that may extend into the knee joint.
• Comminuted Fractures: The bone shatters into three or more pieces.
• Open (Compound) Fractures: The broken bone pierces through the skin, creating an open wound.

Treatment Options

1. Surgical Treatments

• Intramedullary Nailing: A metal rod is inserted into the center of the bone and secured with screws to stabilize it during healing.
• Internal Fixation: Plates, rods, or screws are used to hold the bone fragments in place.
• External Fixation: A metal frame outside the body holds the bone steady using pins or wires inserted through the skin.

2. Non-Surgical Treatments

• Splinting: A splint is used to immobilize the leg and support the bone as it begins to heal.
• Traction: Weights and pulleys gently pull the bone into alignment. This may involve external equipment or pins inserted into the bone.

Rehabilitation and Recovery

• Physical Therapy: Essential for restoring muscle strength, flexibility, and joint movement once the bone starts healing.
• Pain Management: Pain-relieving medications are commonly prescribed to help manage discomfort during recovery.