What direction do the ribs move during exhalation?

During exhalation, the ribs move downwards and inwards. This is due to the contraction of the muscles between the ribs, which pull the ribs downwards and inwards towards the centre of the body. Additionally, the diaphragm, which is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs, moves upwards towards the chest cavity during exhalation. These movements decrease the volume of the chest cavity, which increases the air pressure in the lungs and forces air out of the respiratory system.