What diseases impair excretory system function?

Several diseases can damage the excretory system, especially the kidneys, and interfere with waste removal. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is the most common, where gradual loss of kidney function leads to buildup of toxins like urea and creatinine. Causes include high blood pressure, diabetes, and long-term infections. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) happens suddenly, often from dehydration, severe infection, or certain drugs, but may be reversible with prompt care.

Kidney stones are solid deposits that block urine flow and cause severe pain. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect the bladder, ureters, or kidneys, leading to inflammation and impaired filtration if untreated. Glomerulonephritis, inflammation of the glomeruli, can result from autoimmune or bacterial causes, reducing kidney efficiency.

Other conditions like polycystic kidney disease (genetic cyst growth) or renal failure (end-stage loss of function) can require dialysis or transplantation. These disorders disrupt the body’s ability to regulate fluid, electrolytes, and waste, leading to fatigue, swelling, or dangerous toxin accumulation if not managed properly.