What do we use to protect the electric circuits from overloading and short circuit?

We use fuse wire to protect the electric circuits from overloading and short circuit.

A fuse is a device used to protect against overloading and short circuits in electrical circuits. Our electrical system must include fuses, which are safety devices. If there were no fuses and we operated too many appliances on a single circuit, the cable carrying the power for that circuit would get extremely hot, short circuit, and possibly start a fire. To prevent electrical overloads, fuses are designed to trip or blow, stopping the flow of current to the overloaded cable.