What does the electronic configuration $1{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{p}}^5,3{\mathrm{s}}^1$ indicate?

The atomic number of neon is 10.

$\text{ Ground state, }\mathrm{Ne}\left(10\right)-1{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{p}}^6$

$\text{ Excited state, Ne }\left(10\right)-1{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{p}}^5,3{\mathrm{s}}^1$

Hence, $1{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{s}}^2,2{\mathrm{p}}^5,3{\mathrm{s}}^1$ electronic configuration indicates the excited state of neon.