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What happens when phenol reacts with NaOH?

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Detailed Solution

Phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenoxide and water.

Reaction

C₆H₅OH + NaOH → C₆H₅ONa + H₂O

Why it happens

Phenol is a weak acid; its –OH hydrogen is acidic due to resonance stabilization of phenoxide ion.
Strong base NaOH deprotonates phenol, driving salt formation.

Notes

Sodium phenoxide is more reactive in electrophilic substitutions at ortho/para positions.
Unlike alcohols, phenol dissolves in NaOH but not in NaHCO₃.

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