What is a constitution?

A constitution is the highest set of rules that creates the government, shares powers, and protects people’s rights.

A constitution is a basic law that sets up the structure of the state, defines powers of different organs, and limits those powers through rights and procedures. It answers four big questions: who rules, how they are chosen, what they can do, and what they cannot do.

Core elements

• Preamble or aims: Values and goals of the nation.
• Organs of government: Legislature, Executive, Judiciary and their powers.
• Division of power: Central–state relations or federal features.
• Fundamental rights and duties: Freedoms, protections, and civic duties.
• Amendment process: How to change the constitution.
• Emergency and safeguards: Special powers in crises with checks.

Why it matters

• Prevents misuse of power through limits and judicial review.
• Protects minorities and guarantees equal treatment.
• Provides stability while allowing change through amendments.