What is a physical map and mention its need?

A physical map is a type of map that illustrates the natural features of the Earth’s surface (such as mountains, rivers, lakes, plains, deserts) rather than human-made or political features.

• Definition: A physical map emphasises topography, terrain, landforms, water bodies, elevation, vegetation zones. It often uses colour gradients, shading, relief and symbols to show physical geography.
• Need/purpose:
  • To understand natural landscape and terrain for planning travel, construction, environmental assessment.
  • To study water resources (rivers, lakes), flood-risk zones, watershed boundaries.
  • To teach geography: helps learners visualise where plains, plateaus, mountains are located and how they affect climate, vegetation and human settlement.
  • To assist in natural disaster management: locating mountain ranges, fault lines, river systems, flood plains.