What is a transformer and its types?

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Detailed Solution

A transformer is an electrical device that transfers alternating current (AC) from one circuit to another at a different voltage using electromagnetic induction. It either increases (step-up) or decreases (step-down) voltage while keeping frequency constant.

Construction

Core: Made of laminated soft iron to reduce energy loss.
Primary coil: Connected to the input supply.
Secondary coil: Connected to the output circuit.

Working Principle

When AC flows through the primary coil, it creates a magnetic flux in the core. This induces voltage in the secondary coil, transferring energy without direct connection.

Types of Transformers

Step-Up Transformer: Increases voltage from primary to secondary (used in power transmission).
Step-Down Transformer: Decreases voltage (used in chargers, household appliances).
Power Transformer: Used in high-voltage transmission networks.
Distribution Transformer: Used for low-voltage distribution to homes.
Isolation Transformer: Provides electrical isolation without changing voltage.

Transformers are essential in power systems for efficient electricity transmission and safe household use.

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