What is an electrostatic charge in Physics?

An electrostatic charge is the buildup of electric charge on the surface of a material, usually caused by friction.

When two objects are rubbed together, electrons may move from one object to another. The object that loses electrons becomes positively charged, and the one that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. This charge remains at rest on the surface, which is why it is called electrostatic.

Examples of electrostatic charge

• Rubbing a balloon on hair makes it attract small paper bits.
• Walking on carpet can give a small shock when touching metal.
• Lightning is a large-scale example of electrostatic discharge.

Electrostatic charge plays a role in daily life and in industries like photocopying, painting, and air purification.