What is anemia?

Anemia is a condition in which the blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin, reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen and delivers it to tissues. Common causes include iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, chronic diseases, or blood loss. Symptoms often include fatigue, dizziness, pale skin, shortness of breath, and rapid heartbeat. Severe anemia can affect organ function. Treatment depends on the cause but often includes dietary supplements, blood transfusions, or medications to stimulate red blood cell production.