What is Chromonemata?

Chromosomes are highly coiled structures in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. They contain DNA (the hereditary material) packaged with histone proteins. Each chromosome has two chromatids joined at a centromere and carries genes passed from one generation to the next. Histones help the DNA fold into compact coils.

Within a chromatid, the thread-like, coiled fiber is the chromonema. It helps organize genes and maintain the structure of the chromosome. Early in cell division, the chromonema looks like a mass of coiled threads and shows bead-like thickenings called chromomeres, arranged at intervals giving a “beads-on-a-string” appearance

Gene:

A gene is a short segment of DNA—the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. Genes don’t make proteins directly; they carry instructions (the code) for protein synthesis. Gene length varies widely—from a few hundred bases to millions of bases in some cases.

Note:

Chromosomes are made of chromatin fibers. Chromosome structure is most clearly seen in late prophase, metaphase, and anaphase; the chromonema is especially visible in early prophase.