What is Colonial in History Class 8?

Colonialism is a practice where one nation controls another, often by establishing colonies and aiming for economic dominance. Here the answer avilable for the effects of British colonialism on specific groups in India. The colonizers imposed their culture, economy, language, and religion on the colonized. Colonialism involved the subjugation of one nation by another and the conquest of other nations.

• British Colonialism in India: A History

The British first established colonial rule in Bengal. In Bengal, the British attempted to reorganize rural society and establish a new revenue system and land rights. In 1793, the Permanent Settlement was implemented by the British East India Company. Each zamindar had to pay a fixed revenue, which was decided by the British East India Company.

• British Colonialism in India: De-urbanization and Rise of New Cities

For administrative purposes, colonial India was divided into three "Presidencies." In the late 18th century, Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras rose in importance as Presidency cities. They became the centers of power for the British in India. As these cities gained power, many other cities declined. The decline of cities was due to a drop in demand for specialized goods, which led to the decline of old ports and trading centers. When the British defeated local rulers, the earlier centers of regional power collapsed. This process was known as de-urbanization. Cities like Surat, Srirangapatnam, and Machalipatnam were de-urbanized.

• British Colonialism in India: Effect on Communities due to Forest Management

The following examples illustrate the effects of colonialism on specific groups. Shifting Cultivators: Impact of Forest Management during the Colonial Period The British colonial government found it difficult to calculate taxes due to shifting cultivation. They believed it hindered the growth of trees useful for railways. Hence, they banned shifting cultivation. This decision displaced many communities living in forests. Some communities resisted through small and large rebellions, while others had to change their occupations.