What is Constant in an Adiabatic Process?

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Detailed Solution

In an adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange between the system and its surroundings. This means the heat transfer Q is always zero. The system is either perfectly insulated or the process occurs so quickly that heat does not have time to flow in or out.

What Remains Constant?

Total heat exchange:Q = 0 (constant at zero throughout the process).
First law form for adiabatic:ΔU = -W, so the change in internal energy is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the work done.
Reversible adiabatic (ideal gas):P Vγ = constant, where γ = Cp/Cv.
Heat: Q = 0 (constant at zero).
Energy/work coupling: Work and internal energy adjust such that ΔU = -W.
Gas relation: For ideal gases under reversible adiabatic change, P Vγ remains constant.

An adiabatic process keeps heat exchange constant at zero. In gases (reversible, ideal), the state follows P Vγ = constant. These principles underpin models in thermodynamics, atmospheric science, and engine cycles where rapid compression or expansion occurs.

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